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Stalingrad-class battlecruiser
The ''Stalingrad''-class battlecruiser, also known in the Soviet Union as Project 82 ((ロシア語:Тяжёлые крейсера проекта 82)), was battlecruiser design that began construction after World War II. Based on pre-war designs they would have been the last large-gun ships of the Soviet Navy. They were intended to operate along with the Sverdlov-class cruisers and aircraft carriers to make up powerful task forces, with the cruisers and battlecruisers providing protection for the carriers when bad weather prevented flying. Another envisioned role was to break up attacks by Royal Navy fast cruiser forces who might attempt bombardment of Russia's northern ports.
The design had a lengthy design history dating into the early 1940s, but the resources needed to build them did not become available until the early 1950s. A series of at least four were planned, and the ''Stalingrad'' finally began construction in 1951. Supported primarily by Joseph Stalin and opposed by a considerable part of the naval staff, the project came to an abrupt end with Stalin's death in 1953. By this time a second example was under construction and abandoned on the slips, while a third never started. The partially completed ''Stalingrad'' ended as a target ship for testing anti-ship missiles, before being broken up around 1962.
==Earlier models==
A heavy cruiser was designed before the Second World War as an intermediate between the light cruiser and classes and the s. The specification, or OTZ in Russian, was issued in May 1941, but plans were shelved with the invasion of the Soviet Union by Germany. Construction was proposed again in 1943. After a lengthy design period, which Premier Joseph Stalin—a major supporter of the project—often had a hand in, keels for two ships were laid at the Marti South Shipyard in Nikolayev (1951) and the Baltic Works in Leningrad (1952) and a third ship was planned for the shipyard in Severodvinsk.
The Project 82 design which was ordered would have been much larger than the original intermediate design, so much so that they were considered the successors to the ''Kronshtadt''s, which had been canceled at the outbreak of World War II.〔Sturton, p. 143〕 As envisioned by Stalin, the ''Stalingrad'' battlecruisers' role would be to disrupt and break up an enemy's light cruisers when they approached the Soviet coast. However, after his death in March 1953, the ships were canceled by the Ministry of Transport and Heavy Machinery. Only the incomplete hull of ''Stalingrad'' was launched; used as a floating target for anti-ship missiles, it was scrapped around 1962.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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